You might not think of the musical instrument industry as “cutthroat.” But in 19th century Paris a new invention caused a uproar involving nefarious plots, incendiary devices, and attempted murder. You may not recognize the name Adolphe Sax, but you almost certainly recognize his most famous invention.
The Reconquista, or Christian reconquest of Iberia, took nearly 800 years. The fighting did not come without great attempts by Muslim powers across the strait trying to reestablish their presence in mainland Europe. The last gasp of that effort came in the 1330s, when the powerful Marinid sultanate of what is modern Morocco invaded in an attempt to reverse Christian gains and secure the perilous position of the Sultanate of Granada.