Although not nearly as discussed as the battles and generals of the war, both the Union and the Confederacy engaged in robust programs of espionage during the US Civil War. These nineteenth century spies engaged in cloak and dagger activities worthy of 007, including a brazen attack on November 25, 1864 on the Union’s largest city.
The Reconquista, or Christian reconquest of Iberia, took nearly 800 years. The fighting did not come without great attempts by Muslim powers across the strait trying to reestablish their presence in mainland Europe. The last gasp of that effort came in the 1330s, when the powerful Marinid sultanate of what is modern Morocco invaded in an attempt to reverse Christian gains and secure the perilous position of the Sultanate of Granada.