One thing you might not have known about NASA is their role in the development of air traffic management. According to the FAA there are an average of 45,000 flights every day in the US, and every one of those planes needs to be able to take off, fly, and land in an incredibly complex network of tangled paths, all without running into one another.
The Reconquista, or Christian reconquest of Iberia, took nearly 800 years. The fighting did not come without great attempts by Muslim powers across the strait trying to reestablish their presence in mainland Europe. The last gasp of that effort came in the 1330s, when the powerful Marinid sultanate of what is modern Morocco invaded in an attempt to reverse Christian gains and secure the perilous position of the Sultanate of Granada.