146 years ago, Thomas Edison entered the offices of Scientific American with a strange machine. Turning a crank on his cylinder phonograph, he astonished those present with the recording, "Good morning. How do you do? How do you like the phonograph? " It wasn’t until very recently in human history that sounds even could be recorded, and the invention of recording devices and media caused a monumental shift for society.
The Reconquista, or Christian reconquest of Iberia, took nearly 800 years. The fighting did not come without great attempts by Muslim powers across the strait trying to reestablish their presence in mainland Europe. The last gasp of that effort came in the 1330s, when the powerful Marinid sultanate of what is modern Morocco invaded in an attempt to reverse Christian gains and secure the perilous position of the Sultanate of Granada.