The Athenian Parthenon is perhaps the most recognized of the ruins of the ancient world. But how, exactly, did the great temple become a ruin? Was it an ancient battle? A disaster of antiquity? Well, neither. It might surprise you to find out that the building itself remained largely intact into the early modern era.
The Reconquista, or Christian reconquest of Iberia, took nearly 800 years. The fighting did not come without great attempts by Muslim powers across the strait trying to reestablish their presence in mainland Europe. The last gasp of that effort came in the 1330s, when the powerful Marinid sultanate of what is modern Morocco invaded in an attempt to reverse Christian gains and secure the perilous position of the Sultanate of Granada.