On January 29, 1886 Karl Benz applied for a German patent for his Benz Patent-Motorwagen, eventually receiving patent number 37435 . This patent is widely regarded as the world’s first patent for a purpose built automobile.
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The Reconquista, or Christian reconquest of Iberia, took nearly 800 years. The fighting did not come without great attempts by Muslim powers across the strait trying to reestablish their presence in mainland Europe. The last gasp of that effort came in the 1330s, when the powerful Marinid sultanate of what is modern Morocco invaded in an attempt to reverse Christian gains and secure the perilous position of the Sultanate of Granada.